diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/BaseMapper.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/BaseMapper.java
index 0860ee05..5eaa4a89 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/BaseMapper.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/BaseMapper.java
@@ -652,75 +652,26 @@ public interface BaseMapper<T> {
     default <R> Page<R> paginateAs(Page<R> page, QueryWrapper queryWrapper, Class<R> asType, Consumer<FieldQueryBuilder<R>>... consumers) {
         List<QueryColumn> selectColumns = CPI.getSelectColumns(queryWrapper);
         List<QueryOrderBy> orderBys = CPI.getOrderBys(queryWrapper);
-
         List<Join> joins = CPI.getJoins(queryWrapper);
-        boolean removedJoins = true;
         // 只有 totalRow 小于 0 的时候才会去查询总量
         // 这样方便用户做总数缓存，而非每次都要去查询总量
         // 一般的分页场景中，只有第一页的时候有必要去查询总量，第二页以后是不需要的
         if (page.getTotalRow() < 0) {
-
-            //移除 select
-            CPI.setSelectColumns(queryWrapper, Collections.singletonList(count().as("total")));
-
-            //移除 OrderBy
-            if (CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(orderBys)) {
-                CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, null);
-            }
-
-
-            //移除 left join
-            if (joins != null && !joins.isEmpty()) {
-                for (Join join : joins) {
-                    if (!Join.TYPE_LEFT.equals(CPI.getJoinType(join))) {
-                        removedJoins = false;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                removedJoins = false;
-            }
-
-            if (removedJoins) {
-                List<String> joinTables = new ArrayList<>();
-                joins.forEach(join -> {
-                    QueryTable joinQueryTable = CPI.getJoinQueryTable(join);
-                    if (joinQueryTable != null && StringUtil.isNotBlank(joinQueryTable.getName())) {
-                        joinTables.add(joinQueryTable.getName());
-                    }
-                });
-
-                QueryCondition where = CPI.getWhereQueryCondition(queryWrapper);
-                if (CPI.containsTable(where, CollectionUtil.toArrayString(joinTables))) {
-                    removedJoins = false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (removedJoins) {
-                CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, null);
-            }
-
-
+            queryWrapper = MapperUtil.optimizeCountQueryWrapper(queryWrapper);
             long count = selectCountByQuery(queryWrapper);
             page.setTotalRow(count);
         }
 
-        if (page.getTotalRow() == 0 || page.getPageNumber() > page.getTotalPage()) {
+        if (page.isEmpty()) {
             return page;
         }
 
         //重置 selectColumns
         CPI.setSelectColumns(queryWrapper, selectColumns);
-
         //重置 orderBys
-        if (CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(orderBys)) {
-            CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, orderBys);
-        }
-
+        CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, orderBys);
         //重置 join
-        if (removedJoins) {
-            CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, joins);
-        }
+        CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, joins);
 
         int offset = page.getPageSize() * (page.getPageNumber() - 1);
         queryWrapper.limit(offset, page.getPageSize());
@@ -734,6 +685,11 @@ public interface BaseMapper<T> {
             MapperUtil.queryFields(this, records, consumers);
             page.setRecords(records);
         }
+
+        // 将之前设置的 limit 清除掉
+        CPI.setLimitRows(queryWrapper, null);
+        CPI.setLimitOffset(queryWrapper, null);
+
         return page;
     }
 
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/paginate/Page.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/paginate/Page.java
index cc041183..f89f7b7e 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/paginate/Page.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/paginate/Page.java
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
- * <p>
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- * <p>
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * <p>
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
+ *  <p>
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  <p>
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *  <p>
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
  */
 package com.mybatisflex.core.paginate;
 
@@ -128,6 +128,14 @@ public class Page<T> implements Serializable {
         }
     }
 
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return getTotalRow() == 0 || getPageNumber() > getTotalPage();
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasNext() {
+        return getTotalPage() != 0 && getPageNumber() < getTotalPage();
+    }
+
 
     public <R> Page<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper) {
         Page<R> newPage = new Page<>();
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/QueryWrapper.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/QueryWrapper.java
index 28c60e56..8c581d32 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/QueryWrapper.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/QueryWrapper.java
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
- * <p>
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- * <p>
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * <p>
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
+ *  <p>
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  <p>
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *  <p>
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
  */
 package com.mybatisflex.core.query;
 
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ public class QueryWrapper extends BaseQueryWrapper<QueryWrapper> {
     }
 
 
+    public QueryWrapper select() {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
     public QueryWrapper select(String... columns) {
         for (String column : columns) {
             addSelectColumn(new StringQueryColumn(column));
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/SelectQueryTable.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/SelectQueryTable.java
index 5ca6fa9a..b10306ac 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/SelectQueryTable.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/query/SelectQueryTable.java
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
- * <p>
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- * <p>
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * <p>
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
+ *  <p>
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  <p>
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *  <p>
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
  */
 package com.mybatisflex.core.query;
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class SelectQueryTable extends QueryTable {
         if (StringUtil.isNotBlank(alias)) {
             return "(" + sql + ") AS " + dialect.wrap(alias);
         } else {
-            return sql;
+            return "(" + sql + ")";
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/row/RowMapper.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/row/RowMapper.java
index b1cee652..fc8bb921 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/row/RowMapper.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/row/RowMapper.java
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
- * <p>
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- * <p>
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * <p>
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
+ *  <p>
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  <p>
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *  <p>
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
  */
 package com.mybatisflex.core.row;
 
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@ import com.mybatisflex.core.paginate.Page;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.provider.RowSqlProvider;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.query.*;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.util.CollectionUtil;
+import com.mybatisflex.core.util.MapperUtil;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.util.StringUtil;
 import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;
 import org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.TooManyResultsException;
 
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 import static com.mybatisflex.core.query.QueryMethods.count;
 
@@ -435,78 +438,37 @@ public interface RowMapper {
         List<QueryOrderBy> orderBys = CPI.getOrderBys(queryWrapper);
 
         List<Join> joins = CPI.getJoins(queryWrapper);
-        boolean removedJoins = true;
 
         // 只有 totalRow 小于 0 的时候才会去查询总量
         // 这样方便用户做总数缓存，而非每次都要去查询总量
         // 一般的分页场景中，只有第一页的时候有必要去查询总量，第二页以后是不需要的
         if (page.getTotalRow() < 0) {
-
-            //移除 seelct
-            CPI.setSelectColumns(queryWrapper, Collections.singletonList(count().as("total")));
-
-            //移除 OrderBy
-            if (CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(orderBys)) {
-                CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, null);
-            }
-
-            //移除 left join
-            if (joins != null && !joins.isEmpty()) {
-                for (Join join : joins) {
-                    if (!Join.TYPE_LEFT.equals(CPI.getJoinType(join))) {
-                        removedJoins = false;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                removedJoins = false;
-            }
-
-            if (removedJoins) {
-                List<String> joinTables = new ArrayList<>();
-                joins.forEach(join -> {
-                    QueryTable joinQueryTable = CPI.getJoinQueryTable(join);
-                    if (joinQueryTable != null && StringUtil.isNotBlank(joinQueryTable.getName())) {
-                        joinTables.add(joinQueryTable.getName());
-                    }
-                });
-
-                QueryCondition where = CPI.getWhereQueryCondition(queryWrapper);
-                if (CPI.containsTable(where, CollectionUtil.toArrayString(joinTables))) {
-                    removedJoins = false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (removedJoins) {
-                CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, null);
-            }
-
+            queryWrapper = MapperUtil.optimizeCountQueryWrapper(queryWrapper);
             long count = selectCountByQuery(schema,tableName, queryWrapper);
             page.setTotalRow(count);
         }
 
-        if (page.getTotalRow() == 0 || page.getPageNumber() > page.getTotalPage()) {
+        if (page.isEmpty()) {
             return page;
         }
 
         //重置 selectColumns
         CPI.setSelectColumns(queryWrapper, selectColumns);
-
         //重置 orderBys
-        if (CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(orderBys)) {
-            CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, orderBys);
-        }
-
+        CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, orderBys);
         //重置 join
-        if (removedJoins) {
-            CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, joins);
-        }
+        CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, joins);
 
         int offset = page.getPageSize() * (page.getPageNumber() - 1);
         queryWrapper.limit(offset, page.getPageSize());
 
         List<Row> records = selectListByQuery(schema,tableName, queryWrapper);
         page.setRecords(records);
+
+        // 将之前设置的 limit 清除掉
+        CPI.setLimitRows(queryWrapper, null);
+        CPI.setLimitOffset(queryWrapper, null);
+
         return page;
 
     }
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/ClassUtil.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/ClassUtil.java
index a6c0f90a..a4151175 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/ClassUtil.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/ClassUtil.java
@@ -105,6 +105,10 @@ public class ClassUtil {
                 || clazz == double[].class;
     }
 
+    public static boolean canInstance(int mod) {
+        return !Modifier.isAbstract(mod) || !Modifier.isInterface(mod);
+    }
+
 
     public static <T> T newInstance(Class<T> clazz) {
         try {
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/MapperUtil.java b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/MapperUtil.java
index af2d8e25..271d4a62 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/MapperUtil.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-core/src/main/java/com/mybatisflex/core/util/MapperUtil.java
@@ -18,19 +18,112 @@ package com.mybatisflex.core.util;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.BaseMapper;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.field.FieldQuery;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.field.FieldQueryBuilder;
-import com.mybatisflex.core.query.QueryWrapper;
+import com.mybatisflex.core.query.*;
 import org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.TooManyResultsException;
 import org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession;
 
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
+import static com.mybatisflex.core.query.QueryMethods.count;
+
 public class MapperUtil {
 
     private MapperUtil() {
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * <p>原生的、未经过优化的 COUNT 查询。抛开效率问题不谈，只关注结果的准确性，
+     * 这个 COUNT 查询查出来的分页总数据是 100% 正确的，不接受任何反驳。
+     *
+     * <p>为什么这么说，因为是用子查询实现的，生成的 SQL 如下：
+     *
+     * <p><pre>
+     * {@code
+     * SELECT COUNT(*) AS `total` FROM ( ...用户构建的 SQL 语句... );
+     * }
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <p>不进行 SQL 优化的时候，返回的就是这样的 COUNT 查询语句。
+     */
+    public static QueryWrapper rawCountQueryWrapper(QueryWrapper queryWrapper) {
+        return QueryWrapper.create()
+                .select(count().as("total"))
+                .from(queryWrapper);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 优化 COUNT 查询语句。
+     */
+    public static QueryWrapper optimizeCountQueryWrapper(QueryWrapper queryWrapper) {
+        List<QueryColumn> selectColumns = CPI.getSelectColumns(queryWrapper);
+        List<QueryColumn> groupByColumns = CPI.getGroupByColumns(queryWrapper);
+        // 如果有 distinct 语句或者 group by 语句则不优化
+        // 这种一旦优化了就会造成 count 语句查询出来的值不对
+        if (hasDistinct(selectColumns) || hasGroupBy(groupByColumns)) {
+            return rawCountQueryWrapper(queryWrapper);
+        }
+        // 判断能不能清除 join 语句
+        if (canClearJoins(queryWrapper)) {
+            CPI.setJoins(queryWrapper, null);
+        }
+        // 最后将最后面的 order by 移除掉
+        // 将 select 里面的列换成 COUNT(*) AS `total` 就好了
+        CPI.setOrderBys(queryWrapper, null);
+        CPI.setSelectColumns(queryWrapper, Collections.singletonList(count().as("total")));
+        return queryWrapper;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasDistinct(List<QueryColumn> selectColumns) {
+        if (CollectionUtil.isEmpty(selectColumns)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (QueryColumn selectColumn : selectColumns) {
+            if (selectColumn instanceof DistinctQueryColumn) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasGroupBy(List<QueryColumn> groupByColumns) {
+        return CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(groupByColumns);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean canClearJoins(QueryWrapper queryWrapper) {
+        List<Join> joins = CPI.getJoins(queryWrapper);
+        if (CollectionUtil.isEmpty(joins)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 只有全是 left join 语句才会清除 join
+        // 因为如果是 inner join 或 right join 往往都会放大记录数
+        for (Join join : joins) {
+            if (!Join.TYPE_LEFT.equals(CPI.getJoinType(join))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 获取 join 语句中使用到的表名
+        List<String> joinTables = new ArrayList<>();
+//        Map<String, String> joinTables = new HashMap<>();
+        joins.forEach(join -> {
+            QueryTable joinQueryTable = CPI.getJoinQueryTable(join);
+            if (joinQueryTable != null && StringUtil.isNotBlank(joinQueryTable.getName())) {
+                joinTables.add(joinQueryTable.getName());
+            }
+        });
+
+        // 获取 where 语句中的条件
+        QueryCondition where = CPI.getWhereQueryCondition(queryWrapper);
+
+        // 最后判断一下 where 中是否用到了 join 的表
+        return !CPI.containsTable(where, CollectionUtil.toArrayString(joinTables));
+    }
+
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
     public static <R> void queryFields(BaseMapper<?> mapper, List<R> list, Consumer<FieldQueryBuilder<R>>[] consumers) {
         if (CollectionUtil.isEmpty(list) || ArrayUtil.isEmpty(consumers) || consumers[0] == null) {
             return;
@@ -69,6 +162,10 @@ public class MapperUtil {
 
 
     private static Class<?> getWrapType(Class<?> type) {
+        if (ClassUtil.canInstance(type.getModifiers())) {
+            return type;
+        }
+
         if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
             return ArrayList.class;
         }
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/common/MapperUtilTest.java b/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/common/MapperUtilTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea1f2705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/common/MapperUtilTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Mybatis-Flex (fuhai999@gmail.com).
+ *  <p>
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  <p>
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *  <p>
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.mybatisflex.test.common;
+
+import com.mybatisflex.core.query.QueryWrapper;
+import com.mybatisflex.core.util.MapperUtil;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static com.mybatisflex.test.model.table.RoleTableDef.ROLE;
+import static com.mybatisflex.test.model.table.UserRoleTableDef.USER_ROLE;
+import static com.mybatisflex.test.model.table.UserTableDef.USER;
+
+/**
+ * @author 王帅
+ * @since 2023-06-09
+ */
+class MapperUtilTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void testOptimizeCountQueryWrapper() {
+        QueryWrapper queryWrapper = QueryWrapper.create()
+                .select(USER.USER_ID, USER.USER_NAME, ROLE.ALL_COLUMNS)
+                .from(USER.as("u"))
+                .leftJoin(USER_ROLE).as("ur").on(USER_ROLE.USER_ID.eq(USER.USER_ID))
+                .leftJoin(ROLE).as("r").on(USER_ROLE.ROLE_ID.eq(ROLE.ROLE_ID))
+                .where(USER.USER_ID.eq(3))
+                .and(USER_ROLE.ROLE_ID.eq(6))
+                .groupBy(ROLE.ROLE_ID);
+        System.out.println(queryWrapper.toSQL());
+        System.out.println(MapperUtil.rawCountQueryWrapper(queryWrapper).toSQL());
+        System.out.println(MapperUtil.optimizeCountQueryWrapper(queryWrapper).toSQL());
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/mapper/UserMapperTest.java b/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/mapper/UserMapperTest.java
index 7a5487cd..2165ca0b 100644
--- a/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/mapper/UserMapperTest.java
+++ b/mybatis-flex-test/mybatis-flex-spring-boot-test/src/test/java/com/mybatisflex/test/mapper/UserMapperTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.mybatisflex.test.mapper;
 
+import com.mybatisflex.core.paginate.Page;
 import com.mybatisflex.core.query.QueryWrapper;
 import com.mybatisflex.test.model.UserInfo;
 import com.mybatisflex.test.model.UserVO;
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ import static com.mybatisflex.test.model.table.UserTableDef.USER;
  * @since 2023-06-07
  */
 @SpringBootTest
+@SuppressWarnings("all")
 class UserMapperTest {
 
     @Autowired
@@ -114,4 +116,21 @@ class UserMapperTest {
         userInfos.forEach(System.err::println);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void testPage() {
+        QueryWrapper queryWrapper = QueryWrapper.create()
+                .select(USER.USER_ID, USER.USER_NAME, ROLE.ALL_COLUMNS)
+                .from(USER.as("u"))
+                .leftJoin(USER_ROLE).as("ur").on(USER_ROLE.USER_ID.eq(USER.USER_ID))
+                .leftJoin(ROLE).as("r").on(USER_ROLE.ROLE_ID.eq(ROLE.ROLE_ID));
+        System.err.println(queryWrapper.toSQL());
+        Page<UserVO> page;
+        int pageNumber = 0;
+        do {
+            page = Page.of(++pageNumber, 1);
+            page = userMapper.paginateAs(page, queryWrapper, UserVO.class);
+            System.err.println(page);
+        } while (page.hasNext());
+    }
+
 }
\ No newline at end of file