milvus/internal/storage/serde_test.go

// Licensed to the LF AI & Data foundation under one
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package storage

import (
	"io"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"unsafe"

	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/arrow"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/arrow/array"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/arrow/bitutil"
	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/arrow/memory"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

	"github.com/milvus-io/milvus-proto/go-api/v2/commonpb"
	"github.com/milvus-io/milvus-proto/go-api/v2/schemapb"
)

type MockRecordWriter struct {
	writefn func(Record) error
	closefn func() error
}

var _ RecordWriter = (*MockRecordWriter)(nil)

func (w *MockRecordWriter) Write(record Record) error {
	return w.writefn(record)
}

func (w *MockRecordWriter) Close() error {
	return w.closefn()
}

func (w *MockRecordWriter) GetWrittenUncompressed() uint64 {
	return 0
}

func TestSerDe(t *testing.T) {
	type args struct {
		dt schemapb.DataType
		v  any
	}
	tests := []struct {
		name  string
		args  args
		want  interface{}
		want1 bool
	}{
		{"test bool", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Bool, v: true}, true, true},
		{"test bool null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Bool, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test bool negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Bool, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test int8", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int8, v: int8(1)}, int8(1), true},
		{"test int8 null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int8, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test int8 negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int8, v: true}, nil, false},
		{"test int16", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int16, v: int16(1)}, int16(1), true},
		{"test int16 null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int16, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test int16 negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int16, v: true}, nil, false},
		{"test int32", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int32, v: int32(1)}, int32(1), true},
		{"test int32 null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int32, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test int32 negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int32, v: true}, nil, false},
		{"test int64", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int64, v: int64(1)}, int64(1), true},
		{"test int64 null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int64, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test int64 negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int64, v: true}, nil, false},
		{"test float32", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Float, v: float32(1)}, float32(1), true},
		{"test float32 null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Float, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test float32 negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Float, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test float64", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Double, v: float64(1)}, float64(1), true},
		{"test float64 null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Double, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test float64 negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Double, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test string", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_String, v: "test"}, "test", true},
		{"test string null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_String, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test string negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_String, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test varchar", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_VarChar, v: "test"}, "test", true},
		{"test varchar null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_VarChar, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test varchar negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_VarChar, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test array negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Array, v: "{}"}, nil, false},
		{"test array null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Array, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test json", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_JSON, v: []byte("{}")}, []byte("{}"), true},
		{"test json null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_JSON, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test json negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_JSON, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test float vector", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_FloatVector, v: []float32{1.0}}, []float32{1.0}, true},
		{"test float vector null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_FloatVector, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test float vector negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_FloatVector, v: []int{1}}, nil, false},
		{"test bool vector", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_BinaryVector, v: []byte{0xff}}, []byte{0xff}, true},
		{"test float16 vector", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Float16Vector, v: []byte{0xff, 0xff}}, []byte{0xff, 0xff}, true},
		{"test bfloat16 vector", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_BFloat16Vector, v: []byte{0xff, 0xff}}, []byte{0xff, 0xff}, true},
		{"test bfloat16 vector null", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_BFloat16Vector, v: nil}, nil, true},
		{"test bfloat16 vector negative", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_BFloat16Vector, v: -1}, nil, false},
		{"test int8 vector", args{dt: schemapb.DataType_Int8Vector, v: []int8{10}}, []int8{10}, true},
	}
	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			dt := tt.args.dt
			v := tt.args.v
			builder := array.NewBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, serdeMap[dt].arrowType(1, schemapb.DataType_None))
			serdeMap[dt].serialize(builder, v, schemapb.DataType_None)
			// assert.True(t, ok)
			a := builder.NewArray()
			got, got1 := serdeMap[dt].deserialize(a, 0, schemapb.DataType_None, 0, false)
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
				t.Errorf("deserialize() got = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
			}
			if got1 != tt.want1 {
				t.Errorf("deserialize() got1 = %v, want %v", got1, tt.want1)
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestSerDeCopy(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name string
		dt   schemapb.DataType
		v    any
	}{
		{"test string copy", schemapb.DataType_String, "test"},
		{"test string no copy", schemapb.DataType_String, "test"},
		{"test binary copy", schemapb.DataType_JSON, []byte{1, 2, 3}},
		{"test binary no copy", schemapb.DataType_JSON, []byte{1, 2, 3}},
		{"test bool copy", schemapb.DataType_Bool, true},
		{"test bool no copy", schemapb.DataType_Bool, true},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			dt := tt.dt
			v := tt.v
			builder := array.NewBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, serdeMap[dt].arrowType(1, schemapb.DataType_None))
			defer builder.Release()
			serdeMap[dt].serialize(builder, v, schemapb.DataType_None)
			a := builder.NewArray()

			// Test deserialize with shouldCopy parameter
			copy, got1 := serdeMap[dt].deserialize(a, 0, schemapb.DataType_None, 0, true)
			if !got1 {
				t.Errorf("deserialize() failed for %s", tt.name)
			}
			if !reflect.DeepEqual(copy, tt.v) {
				t.Errorf("deserialize() got = %v, want %v", copy, tt.v)
			}
			ref, _ := serdeMap[dt].deserialize(a, 0, schemapb.DataType_None, 0, false)
			// check the unsafe pointers of copy and ref are different
			switch v := copy.(type) {
			case []byte:
				if unsafe.Pointer(&v[0]) == unsafe.Pointer(&ref.([]byte)[0]) {
					t.Errorf("deserialize() got same pointer for %v", tt.v)
				}
			case string:
				if unsafe.StringData(v) == unsafe.StringData(ref.(string)) {
					t.Errorf("deserialize() got same pointer for %v", tt.v)
				}
			}

			a.Release()
		})
	}
}

func BenchmarkDeserializeReader(b *testing.B) {
	len := 1000000
	blobs, err := generateTestData(len)
	assert.NoError(b, err)
	b.ResetTimer()

	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		reader, err := NewBinlogDeserializeReader(generateTestSchema(), MakeBlobsReader(blobs), false)
		assert.NoError(b, err)
		defer reader.Close()
		for i := 0; i < len; i++ {
			_, err = reader.NextValue()
			assert.NoError(b, err)
		}
		_, err = reader.NextValue()
		assert.Equal(b, io.EOF, err)
	}
}

func TestCalculateArraySize(t *testing.T) {
	mem := memory.NewCheckedAllocator(memory.DefaultAllocator)
	defer mem.AssertSize(t, 0)

	tests := []struct {
		name         string
		arrayBuilder func() arrow.Array
		expectedSize uint64
	}{
		{
			name: "Empty array",
			arrayBuilder: func() arrow.Array {
				b := array.NewInt32Builder(mem)
				defer b.Release()
				return b.NewArray()
			},
			expectedSize: 0,
		},
		{
			name: "Fixed-length array",
			arrayBuilder: func() arrow.Array {
				b := array.NewInt32Builder(mem)
				defer b.Release()
				b.AppendValues([]int32{1, 2, 3, 4}, nil)
				return b.NewArray()
			},
			expectedSize: 20, // 4 elements * 4 bytes + bitmap(4bytes)
		},
		{
			name: "Variable-length string array",
			arrayBuilder: func() arrow.Array {
				b := array.NewStringBuilder(mem)
				defer b.Release()
				b.AppendValues([]string{"hello", "world"}, nil)
				return b.NewArray()
			},
			expectedSize: 23, // bytes: "hello" (5 bytes) + "world" (5 bytes)
			// offsets: 2+1 elements * 4 bytes
			// bitmap(1 byte)
		},
		{
			name: "Nested list array",
			arrayBuilder: func() arrow.Array {
				b := array.NewListBuilder(mem, arrow.PrimitiveTypes.Int32)
				defer b.Release()
				valueBuilder := b.ValueBuilder().(*array.Int32Builder)

				b.Append(true)
				valueBuilder.AppendValues([]int32{1, 2, 3}, nil)

				b.Append(true)
				valueBuilder.AppendValues([]int32{4, 5}, nil)

				b.Append(true)
				valueBuilder.AppendValues([]int32{}, nil)

				return b.NewArray()
			},
			expectedSize: 44, // child buffer: 5 elements * 4 bytes, plus bitmap (4bytes)
			// offsets: 3+1 elements * 4 bytes
			// bitmap(4 bytes)
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			arr := tt.arrayBuilder()
			defer arr.Release()

			size := arr.Data().SizeInBytes()
			if size != tt.expectedSize {
				t.Errorf("Expected size %d, got %d", tt.expectedSize, size)
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestArrayOfVectorArrowType(t *testing.T) {
	dim := 128 // Test dimension
	tests := []struct {
		name          string
		elementType   schemapb.DataType
		dim           int
		expectedChild arrow.DataType
	}{
		{
			name:          "FloatVector",
			elementType:   schemapb.DataType_FloatVector,
			dim:           dim,
			expectedChild: &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: dim * 4},
		},
		{
			name:          "BinaryVector",
			elementType:   schemapb.DataType_BinaryVector,
			dim:           dim,
			expectedChild: &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: (dim + 7) / 8},
		},
		{
			name:          "Float16Vector",
			elementType:   schemapb.DataType_Float16Vector,
			dim:           dim,
			expectedChild: &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: dim * 2},
		},
		{
			name:          "BFloat16Vector",
			elementType:   schemapb.DataType_BFloat16Vector,
			dim:           dim,
			expectedChild: &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: dim * 2},
		},
		{
			name:          "Int8Vector",
			elementType:   schemapb.DataType_Int8Vector,
			dim:           dim,
			expectedChild: &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: dim},
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			arrowType := getArrayOfVectorArrowType(tt.elementType, tt.dim)
			assert.NotNil(t, arrowType)

			listType, ok := arrowType.(*arrow.ListType)
			assert.True(t, ok)
			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedChild, listType.Elem())
		})
	}
}

func TestArrayOfVectorSerialization(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		name        string
		elementType schemapb.DataType
		dim         int
		vectors     []*schemapb.VectorField
	}{
		{
			name:        "FloatVector array",
			elementType: schemapb.DataType_FloatVector,
			dim:         4,
			vectors: []*schemapb.VectorField{
				{
					Dim: 4,
					Data: &schemapb.VectorField_FloatVector{
						FloatVector: &schemapb.FloatArray{
							Data: []float32{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0},
						},
					},
				},
				{
					Dim: 4,
					Data: &schemapb.VectorField_FloatVector{
						FloatVector: &schemapb.FloatArray{
							Data: []float32{5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			entry := serdeMap[schemapb.DataType_ArrayOfVector]

			arrowType := entry.arrowType(tt.dim, tt.elementType)
			assert.NotNil(t, arrowType)

			builder := array.NewBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, arrowType)
			defer builder.Release()

			for _, vector := range tt.vectors {
				ok := entry.serialize(builder, vector, tt.elementType)
				assert.True(t, ok)
			}

			arr := builder.NewArray()
			defer arr.Release()

			for i, expectedVector := range tt.vectors {
				result, ok := entry.deserialize(arr, i, tt.elementType, tt.dim, false)
				assert.True(t, ok)

				if expectedVector == nil {
					assert.Nil(t, result)
				} else {
					resultVector, ok := result.(*schemapb.VectorField)
					assert.True(t, ok)
					assert.NotNil(t, resultVector)

					assert.Equal(t, expectedVector.GetDim(), resultVector.GetDim())

					if tt.elementType == schemapb.DataType_FloatVector {
						expectedData := expectedVector.GetFloatVector().GetData()
						resultData := resultVector.GetFloatVector().GetData()
						assert.Equal(t, expectedData, resultData)
					}
				}
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestArrayOfVectorIntegration(t *testing.T) {
	// Test the full integration with BuildRecord
	schema := &schemapb.CollectionSchema{
		Fields: []*schemapb.FieldSchema{
			{
				FieldID:     100,
				Name:        "vec_array",
				DataType:    schemapb.DataType_ArrayOfVector,
				ElementType: schemapb.DataType_FloatVector,
				TypeParams: []*commonpb.KeyValuePair{
					{Key: "dim", Value: "4"},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Create insert data
	insertData := &InsertData{
		Data: map[FieldID]FieldData{
			100: &VectorArrayFieldData{
				Data: []*schemapb.VectorField{
					{
						Dim: 4,
						Data: &schemapb.VectorField_FloatVector{
							FloatVector: &schemapb.FloatArray{
								Data: []float32{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0},
							},
						},
					},
					{
						Dim: 4,
						Data: &schemapb.VectorField_FloatVector{
							FloatVector: &schemapb.FloatArray{
								Data: []float32{5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0},
							},
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
	}

	arrowSchema, err := ConvertToArrowSchema(schema, false)
	assert.NoError(t, err)
	assert.NotNil(t, arrowSchema)

	recordBuilder := array.NewRecordBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, arrowSchema)
	defer recordBuilder.Release()

	err = BuildRecord(recordBuilder, insertData, schema)
	assert.NoError(t, err)

	record := recordBuilder.NewRecord()
	defer record.Release()

	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), record.NumRows())
	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), record.NumCols())

	field := arrowSchema.Field(0)
	assert.True(t, field.HasMetadata())

	elementTypeStr, ok := field.Metadata.GetValue("elementType")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "101", elementTypeStr) // FloatVector = 101

	dimStr, ok := field.Metadata.GetValue("dim")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "4", dimStr)
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedFixedSizeBinary(t *testing.T) {
	dim := 128
	byteWidth := dim * 4
	totalRows := 1000

	builder := array.NewFixedSizeBinaryBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: byteWidth})
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		vec := make([]byte, byteWidth)
		for j := range vec {
			vec[j] = byte((i + j) % 256)
		}
		builder.Append(vec)
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.FixedSizeBinary)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(totalRows))) + uint64(totalRows*byteWidth)

		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)
		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [100:200]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 100, 200).(*array.FixedSizeBinary)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen))) + uint64(slicedLen*byteWidth)

		assert.Equal(t, 100, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [100:200] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d (length: %d)", actualSize, expectedSize, slicedLen)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [0:10]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 0, 10).(*array.FixedSizeBinary)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen))) + uint64(slicedLen*byteWidth)

		assert.Equal(t, 10, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)

		t.Logf("Sliced [0:10] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [990:1000]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 990, 1000).(*array.FixedSizeBinary)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen))) + uint64(slicedLen*byteWidth)

		assert.Equal(t, 10, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)

		t.Logf("Sliced [990:1000] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedString(t *testing.T) {
	totalRows := 100
	builder := array.NewStringBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator)
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		builder.Append(string(make([]byte, i+10)))
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.String)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())
		expectedDataSize := (10 + 109) * 50
		expectedOffsetSize := (totalRows + 1) * 4
		expectedNullBitmapSize := bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(totalRows))
		expectedTotal := uint64(expectedNullBitmapSize + int64(expectedOffsetSize) + int64(expectedDataSize))

		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, actualSize, expectedTotal)
		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d", actualSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [10:20]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 10, 20).(*array.String)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())

		assert.Equal(t, 10, slicedLen)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [10:20] - ActualSize: %d (length: %d)", actualSize, slicedLen)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [0:5]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 0, 5).(*array.String)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())

		assert.Equal(t, 5, slicedLen)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [0:5] - ActualSize: %d", actualSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedInt64(t *testing.T) {
	totalRows := 1000
	builder := array.NewInt64Builder(memory.DefaultAllocator)
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		builder.Append(int64(i))
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.Int64)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(totalRows))) + uint64(totalRows*8)

		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)
		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [100:200]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 100, 200).(*array.Int64)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen))) + uint64(slicedLen*8)

		assert.Equal(t, 100, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)

		t.Logf("Sliced [100:200] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [500:501]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 500, 501).(*array.Int64)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen))) + uint64(slicedLen*8)

		assert.Equal(t, 1, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)

		t.Logf("Sliced [500:501] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedList(t *testing.T) {
	pool := memory.DefaultAllocator

	listBuilder := array.NewListBuilder(pool, arrow.PrimitiveTypes.Int32)
	defer listBuilder.Release()

	valueBuilder := listBuilder.ValueBuilder().(*array.Int32Builder)

	totalRows := 100
	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		listBuilder.Append(true)
		numElements := i%10 + 1
		for j := 0; j < numElements; j++ {
			valueBuilder.Append(int32(i*10 + j))
		}
	}

	arr := listBuilder.NewArray().(*array.List)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())

		nullBitmapSize := bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(totalRows))
		offsetSize := (totalRows + 1) * 4
		childSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.ListValues().Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(nullBitmapSize+int64(offsetSize)) + childSize

		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)
		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [10:20]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 10, 20).(*array.List)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())

		assert.Equal(t, 10, slicedLen)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [10:20] - ActualSize: %d (length: %d)", actualSize, slicedLen)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [0:1]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 0, 1).(*array.List)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())

		assert.Equal(t, 1, slicedLen)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [0:1] - ActualSize: %d", actualSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedFloat32(t *testing.T) {
	totalRows := 500
	builder := array.NewFloat32Builder(memory.DefaultAllocator)
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		builder.Append(float32(i) * 1.5)
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.Float32)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(totalRows))) + uint64(totalRows*4)

		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)
		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [200:300]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 200, 300).(*array.Float32)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen))) + uint64(slicedLen*4)

		assert.Equal(t, 100, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)

		t.Logf("Sliced [200:300] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedBool(t *testing.T) {
	totalRows := 1024
	builder := array.NewBooleanBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator)
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		builder.Append(i%2 == 0)
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.Boolean)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(totalRows)) * 2)

		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)
		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [512:768]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 512, 768).(*array.Boolean)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		expectedSize := uint64(bitutil.BytesForBits(int64(slicedLen)) * 2)

		assert.Equal(t, 256, slicedLen)
		assert.Equal(t, expectedSize, actualSize)

		t.Logf("Sliced [512:768] - ActualSize: %d, Expected: %d", actualSize, expectedSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesSlicedBinary(t *testing.T) {
	totalRows := 50
	builder := array.NewBinaryBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, arrow.BinaryTypes.Binary)
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		data := make([]byte, i+5)
		for j := range data {
			data[j] = byte(i)
		}
		builder.Append(data)
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.Binary)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())

		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSize: %d", actualSize)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [10:30]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 10, 30).(*array.Binary)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())

		assert.Equal(t, 20, slicedLen)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [10:30] - ActualSize: %d (length: %d)", actualSize, slicedLen)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [0:10]", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 0, 10).(*array.Binary)
		defer sliced.Release()

		slicedLen := sliced.Len()
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())

		assert.Equal(t, 10, slicedLen)
		assert.Less(t, actualSize, ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data()))

		t.Logf("Sliced [0:10] - ActualSize: %d", actualSize)
	})
}

func TestActualSizeInBytesCompareWithDataSizeInBytes(t *testing.T) {
	dim := 768
	byteWidth := dim * 4
	totalRows := 1000

	builder := array.NewFixedSizeBinaryBuilder(memory.DefaultAllocator, &arrow.FixedSizeBinaryType{ByteWidth: byteWidth})
	defer builder.Release()

	for i := 0; i < totalRows; i++ {
		vec := make([]byte, byteWidth)
		for j := range vec {
			vec[j] = byte((i + j) % 256)
		}
		builder.Append(vec)
	}

	arr := builder.NewArray().(*array.FixedSizeBinary)
	defer arr.Release()

	t.Run("Full array comparison", func(t *testing.T) {
		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(arr.Data())
		arrowSize := arr.Data().SizeInBytes()

		t.Logf("Full array - ActualSizeInBytes: %d, Data().SizeInBytes(): %d", actualSize, arrowSize)
		t.Logf("Difference: %d bytes (%.2f%%)",
			int64(arrowSize)-int64(actualSize),
			float64(int64(arrowSize)-int64(actualSize))/float64(actualSize)*100)
	})

	t.Run("Sliced array [100:200] comparison", func(t *testing.T) {
		sliced := array.NewSlice(arr, 100, 200).(*array.FixedSizeBinary)
		defer sliced.Release()

		actualSize := ActualSizeInBytes(sliced.Data())
		arrowSize := sliced.Data().SizeInBytes()
		expectedSize := uint64(100 * byteWidth)

		t.Logf("Sliced [100:200] - ActualSizeInBytes: %d, Data().SizeInBytes(): %d", actualSize, arrowSize)
		t.Logf("Expected actual data: %d bytes", expectedSize)
		t.Logf("ActualSizeInBytes correctly accounts for slice: %v", actualSize < uint64(totalRows*byteWidth))

		assert.Less(t, actualSize, uint64(totalRows*byteWidth))
	})
}