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[skip ci]Add basic_types.md document for segcore (#8116)

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Signed-off-by: xiaofan-luan <xiaofan.luan@zilliz.com>
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# Glossary
- `Collection`: Data table, contains multiple Segments
- `Segment`: The memory structure for storing a piece of data supports concurrent insertion, deletion, query, index loading, monitoring and statistics
- `Schema`: Definition of collection data format, including
- `vector<FieldMeta>`, Order list of FieldMeta
- `isAutoId`. if set to True , default primary field is `RowId` and it is auto generated
- `primaryKey` (when `isAutoId = False`), specify primary key field
- `FieldMeta`: field properties, including
- `DataType` data type, including Int8...Int64, Float, Double, FloatVector, BinaryVector and String later
- `Dim` (when dataType is vector type): vector dimension
- `metric_type` (when dataType is vector type, optional): (when datatype is vector type, optional): the metrictype corresponding to this vector is related to the small batch index and can be empty
- `FieldName`: column name
- `FieldId`: unique number of the column
- (hidden) `FieldOffset`, which is the subscript of `vector<Field>` in the schema. The internal calculation of segcore is basically based on fieldoffset
- `Span` is similar to STD:: span， It supports vector type data and can be implicitly converted to `SpanBase` for interface overwrite